Fentanyl is a very powerful synthetic opioid used legally in medicine for severe pain. Illicitly manufactured fentanyl — often sold as a powder or pressed into pills — is currently a major cause of overdose deaths. A tiny amount can be life-threatening

Quick facts

Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid that is 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine and about 50 times more potent than heroin. CDC Illegally manufactured fentanyl is often found in powder form and can be mixed with other drugs, making it extremely dangerous.

• High Potency: As little as 2 milligrams of fentanyl can be lethal, depending on a person’s body size, tolerance, and past usage. DEA
• Unpredictable Composition: Illegally made fentanyl is often mixed with other substances like heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine. Users may not be aware that these drugs contain fentanyl, increasing the risk of overdose. CDC
• Counterfeit Pills: Fentanyl is also pressed into counterfeit pills that resemble prescription medications, making it difficult for users to know what they are taking. CDC

Handling and Exposure

• Skin Contact: Contrary to some myths, touching fentanyl powder does not cause overdose. Fentanyl in powder form cannot be absorbed through the skin. CBS News
• Inhalation Risk: While skin contact is generally safe, inhaling fentanyl powder can be extremely dangerous and potentially fatal.

Overdose Symptoms

Signs of a fentanyl overdose include:

• Slow or stopped breathing
• Unresponsiveness
• Pinpoint pupils
• Blue or pale lips and fingertips
• Choking or gurgling sounds

If you suspect someone is overdosing, call emergency services immediately.

Harm Reduction Tips

• Use Fentanyl Test Strips: These can detect the presence of fentanyl in drugs, helping to reduce the risk of accidental overdose. CDC
• Carry Naloxone (Narcan): This medication can reverse an opioid overdose if administered in time. CDC
• Avoid Using Alone: If possible, have someone with you who can call for help if needed.
• Seek Support: If you or someone you know is struggling with substance use, reach out to local health services for assistance.